A Deadly Disorder? Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

A hot topic of conversation is currently sweeping the Indonesian entertainment scene, following the news that a well-known artist in Indonesia has Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). But what exactly is this syndrome?

 

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a skin disease caused by infection or allergy and can also be triggered by a drug reaction. Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a serious, life-threatening skin condition in which the death of skin cells causes the epidermis to slough off and separate from the dermis. Stevens-Johnson syndrome can affect the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes and can progress to a more severe form of toxic epidermal necrosis (TEN).

 

SJS is a medical emergency that requires hospitalization. Treatment focuses on stopping the cause, treating the wound, managing the pain, and trying to minimize the chance of complications as the healing process progresses.

 

Causes of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

About 80% of all cases of SJS and Ten are caused by toxic reactions to drugs, where the body recognizes certain drugs as foreign and causes an immune system response that causes damage to the mucous membranes and skin. The main drugs that cause SJS are antibiotics, antidepressants, and painkillers, including over-the-counter drugs. This reaction will be experienced immediately after starting the drug, within 2–3 weeks.

 

Symptoms of Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Stevens-Johnson syndrome is nonspecific and includes symptoms such as fever, headache, and discomfort after swallowing. This may last from 1 to 14 days. Patients will develop a flat, red rash on the face and body, but often the rash extends all over the body in an uneven pattern with a blister in the center that falls off easily when rubbed.

 

Other symptoms of SJS are:

• Blisters in the mouth, ears, eyes, or genitals
• Swelling of the eyelids
• Inflammation of the membranes lining the inner surface of the eyelids and eyeballs
• Persistent fever (like the flu)

 

Diagnosis and Treatment of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Based on symptoms, physical examination, and history of previous drug use or infection, Early detection and discontinuation of medications are key to managing SJS. Patients often require hospitalization and treatments such as nutrition and skin care. Also, corticosteroid therapy may also be prescribed by the doctor.

 

Therefore, Stevens-Johnson syndrome requires immediate medical attention, as early detection and proper management can improve the prognosis. If you experience any of the symptoms, please consult the nearest hospital or health facility.