If you ask about diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by increased blood sugar levels or what we usually call hyperglycemia, this occurs due to impaired insulin production or a lack of sensitivity to insulin or both.
Insulin is a hormone produced by our pancreas which functions to capture glucose or whatever sugar we eat, when captured it will be converted into energy so we can carry out activities. If the pancreas fails to produce insulin or its performance is lacking, our body automatically becomes weak because sugar levels cannot be used as energy. If high sugar in the blood it can cause diabetes.
The types of diabetes are categorized into 4 namely:
1. Type 1 Diabetes
This usually occurs at young and mature ages, namely ages 15, 20, and 30 years. Why does this happen? the first is because the pancreas fails to produce insulin so that insulin is not produced by the pancreas so sugar cannot be put into the muscles and cannot be converted into energy. one of the causes is also due to a genetic disorder, or there is an autoimmune disease so that the body attacks its own pancreas and cannot be produced by the pancreas. If you do diabetes therapy at a young age, the only way is by injecting insulin from the outside.
2. Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes is the most common in Indonesia and even in the world, so it attacks at old ages, yes, 30 to 40 years and above, the most. Why can this happen? First, because the insulin production is lacking, actually they are still producing it, but insulin is being produced less. Secondly, due to its lack of sensitivity, glucose can be captured by insulin and when it is transferred to muscles or used for body metabolism, the doors do not want to open or meet, so they cannot be active and cause less sensitivity. .
There are generally 4 pillars of therapy for diabetes, education, changes in diet, physical activity or sports and medicines. For old age therapy, it should still be started with a single oral drug, if it doesn't improve, a combination of two drugs can be done, if it doesn't improve and doesn't respond, then use insulin. However, insulin can also be priority therapy if the patient has complications to the kidneys, diabetic foot, acute heart disease, or the patient is going to undergo surgery or certain medical procedures.
3. Gestational Diabetes
type of pregnancy or we call it gestational, so diabetes that appears during pregnancy, when certain conditions disrupt the sugar metabolism. If the pregnancy is over, and you have adopted a good lifestyle, usually your blood sugar will return to normal, this is of course necessary to monitor your blood sugar first before stopping diabetes therapy.
4. Other types of diabetes
Until now it is also called another type of diabetes because this diabetes occurs due to many factors, either due to malignancy, endocrine disease or due to certain drugs that can cause diabetes.