Diet Tips for People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases with the characteristic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both of them. Here are some diet tips for diabetics..

 

Diet Goals:

• Short term goals: eliminate DM complaints, improve quality of life, and reduce acute complications.
• Long-term goal: prevent and delay the progression of complications of microangiopathy and macroangiopathy
• Ultimate goal: reduce the morbidity and mortality of DM

 

Prinsip Diet :

• The number of calories is determined according to age, gender, weight, TB, daily activities, and body condition.
• Limiting added sugars, such as granulated sugar, brown sugar, rock sugar, and honey
• Consume enough protein as needed.
• Limit your intake of saturated and trans fats. 
• Consume enough fiber.

 

Recommended Food Ingredients:

• Protein sources:
  • Animals: lean meat, skinless chicken, fish, eggs.
  • Tempeh, tofu, oncom, and nuts (mung beans, red beans, and soybeans)
• Low-cholesterol eggs or egg whites
• Vegetables: kale, leaf beans, oyong, cucumber, tomatoes, water squash, cauliflower, radishes, mustard greens, lettuce, celery, and eggplant.
• Fruits or juices: Siamese oranges, apples, papaya, melon, guava, salak, watermelon, and star fruit
• Low-fat milk

 

Restricted Food Ingredients:

• Rice, steamed rice, porridge, wheat or white bread, pasta, corn, potatoes, sweet potatoes, and taro, oatmeal, cereals, noodles, sticky rice, and macaroni are all carbohydrate sources.
• Limiting added sugars, such as: granulated sugar, brown sugar, rock sugar, and honey
• Animal protein sources high in saturated fat (corned beef, sausage, sardines, brain, offal)
• Fruits: pineapple, grapes, mango, soursop, banana, avocado, sapodilla
• Full milk (full cream), cheese, and mayonnaise
• Fried foods and those that use thick coconut milk

 

Avoided Food Ingredients:

• Sugar, brown sugar, rock sugar, honey
• Sweet foods and drinks include: shredded beef, beef jerky, cake, sweet cakes, lunkhead, tarcis, syrup, sweet jam, chocolate, candy, sweetened condensed milk, soft drinks, and ice cream.
• Preserved fruit such as candied fruit or canned fruit.
• Drinks containing alcohol

 

How to Set a Diet:

• Eat according to the amount and distribution of foods that have been determined in the diet list, especially for patients who use insulin or anti-diabetic drugs.
• To get a variety of menus, use the exchange list.
• Increase the consumption of vegetables and fruit.
• Maintain a disciplined diet to achieve a healthy weight. 

 

Things that need to be considered :

• Besides dieting, do regular exercise.
• Be aware of the possibility of hypoglycemia.
  • Hypoglycemia is a condition when the sugar level in the blood is below normal. Hypoglycemia that is treated too late can result in loss of consciousness, seizures, and permanent brain damage.

 

Symptoms of Hypoglycemia:

• Easily hungry
• Difficulty concentrating
• A cold sweat
• Heart beat
• Dizzy
• Weak
• The eyes are dizzy.

 

Balance it with exercise.

Physical exercise is one of the pillars in the management of type 2 diabetes. Regular physical exercise program: 3-5 days a week for 30-45 minutes, or a total of 150 minutes per week. Physical exercise, apart from maintaining fitness, can also reduce body weight and improve insulin sensitivity, thereby improving blood glucose control.

For people with diabetes, you can do light exercise, such as walking, fast walking, swimming, or cycling.