- Hermina Grand Wisata<\/a><\/li>
- 25 March 2024<\/li><\/ul><\/div>
Ramadan Fasting for GERD Patients<\/a><\/h3>
Muslims always look forward to the month of Ramadan every year. This is especially true for those who suffer from GERD but want to continue fasting. Many of them do not understand what GERD is and how to fast during Ramadan. \n\n People with GERD are basically allowed to fast, although it is not easy. Some things must be considered so that GERD does not recur so that fasting becomes safer and more comfortable. \n\n \n\n Symptoms of GERD \n\n \n Sour and bitter taste in the mouth \n Stinging or burning sensation in the chest and solar plexus \n Nausea and vomiting \n Heartburn \n Chest pain \n Respiratory distress \n \n\n \n\n What is GERD? \n\n GERD (Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease) is a gastrointestinal disorder caused by weakness in the valve at the bottom of the esophagus (Lower Esophageal Sphincter), causing stomach acid to rise into the esophagus. The presence of stomach acid in the esophagus results in inflammation of the esophagus characterized by heart burn, chest pain and a sour and bitter taste in the mouth. The weakness of the valve is most often caused by smoking, alcohol, caffeine, obesity and overeating. If not treated properly, GERD can lead to cancer of the esophagus. \n\n In general, GERD patients who wish to fast are divided into 3 major groups: those who can fast, those who can fast with caution, and those who are not allowed to fast. This grouping depends on the severity of the symptoms of the disease and how the symptoms are controlled. If the patient's GERD symptoms are mild, rarely recur and the patient has been treated well, then the patient can fast. On the other hand, if the GERD is not well controlled and the symptoms are often severe and recurrent, it is not recommended to fast. Please consult further with your Internal Medicine Specialist which group you belong to. \n\n \n\n Some tips for people with GERD who are able to fast: \n\n 1. Make sure you have regular sahur and iftar meals \nNot only does it fulfill the body's energy needs during fasting, eating food at dawn can also prevent the rise of stomach acid for people with GERD. In addition, it is also important to eat a healthy suhoor menu so that the body is stronger in undergoing fasting. \n\n \n\n 2. Not overeating or getting too full \n\n Eating large amounts of food or overeating at one time can weaken the lower esophageal sphincter muscle so that it cannot close properly. This can trigger the rise of stomach acid into the esophagus. \n\n \n\n 3. Avoid foods that are high in fat, caffeine, acidic and spicy. \n\n The next GERD taboo is often consuming foods or drinks that can stimulate an increase in stomach acid. Some foods or drinks that should be avoided by people with GERD include those that have a spicy, sour taste, are high in acid, carbonated, contain alcohol, or contain caffeine such as coffee. \n\n \n\n 4. Taking medications to control stomach acid levels \n\n Acid reflux disease occurs when acid from the stomach backs up into the esophagus. This is indeed a common symptom of acid reflux disease. Meanwhile, stress worsens the symptoms of acid reflux disease, and anxiety is a natural response to stress in the body. That's why stress makes acid reflux disease recur or sets the cycle in motion again. \n\n Acid reflux disease or GERD can be treated with both prescription and over-the-counter medications. Here are some examples of acid reflux medications that are commonly used to treat acid reflux: \n\n \n Antacids: Antacids function to help neutralize stomach acid. They are usually used to treat acid reflux and mild acid reflux. \n H2 Receptor Blockers: H2 receptor blockers reduce the production of stomach acid. Examples: Famotidine and Cimetidine. \n Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): PPIs are stronger inhibitors of stomach acid production and can help heal damaged esophageal tissue. Examples: Omeprazole, Lansoprazole, Esomeprazole, Pantoprazole and Rabeprazole. \n Prokinetic Agents: Prokinetics are a type of drug that improves gastrointestinal motility by increasing the frequency of contractions in the small intestine or making the contractions stronger without disrupting their rhythm. \n \n\n \n\n 5. Avoid excessive stress \n\n Acid reflux disease occurs when acid from the stomach backs up into the esophagus. This is indeed a common symptom of acid reflux disease. Meanwhile, stress worsens the symptoms of acid reflux disease, and anxiety is a natural response to stress in the body. That is why, stress makes acid reflux disease recur or sets the cycle back. \n\n \n\n 6. Adequate sleep and comfortable sleeping position \n\n Gravity and anatomy play a huge role in finding relief from high acid reflux symptoms at night. During the day, you are most likely standing or sitting so when acid escapes, gravity and saliva quickly return this potentially harmful substance to the stomach. \n\n \n\n Hopefully, you will be able to fast smoothly. \n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/a><\/div>- Hermina Grand Wisata<\/a><\/li>
- 16 March 2024<\/li><\/ul><\/div>
Beware of Bloody Fever during the Rainy Season<\/a><\/h3>
Dengue fever (DHF) is a life-threatening form of dengue fever. DHF is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus transmitted through the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. \n\n Tropical and subtropical countries are at high risk for transmission of the virus. This is associated with high temperature rises and changes in the rainy and dry seasons are allegedly risk factors for dengue virus transmission. \n\n \n\n Signs and symptoms \n\n What are the signs and symptoms of dengue fever? \n\n The signs and symptoms of dengue fever may vary from patient to patient, depending on the severity and phase of dengue fever. \n\n The following are common signs and symptoms of dengue fever: \n\n \n Fever up to 40 degrees Celsius \n Headache \n Muscle, bone and joint pain \n Nausea and vomiting \n Pain behind the eyes \n Swollen lymph nodes \n Skin rash \n \n\n These symptoms will usually improve within a week. However, there is also the possibility of symptoms progressing to become more severe and life-threatening. These conditions are called severe dengue and dengue shock syndrome. \n\n \n\n When should I see a doctor? \n\n If you have any of the above signs or symptoms or any other questions, consult your doctor. Always consult a doctor to manage your health condition. \n\n \n\n The phases of dengue fever are often called the "Horse Saddle Cycle". \n\n Here are the phases of dengue fever that you need to know: \n\n \n Fever phase: a high fever that lasts for 2-7 weeks, accompanied by other symptoms such as muscle pain and headache. \n Critical phase: after 1 week, the fever will drop. However, DHF patients are at risk of severe bleeding in this phase. This condition usually requires intensive care. \n Healing phase: after the critical phase, the patient will experience fever again. However, this is the healing phase of DHF where platelets slowly rise again. \n \n\n \n\n Risk factors \n\n What increases my risk of getting this disease? \n\n There are many risk factors for getting dengue, namely: \n\n \n Living or traveling to an area with a tropical climate \n Being in tropical and subtropical areas increases the risk of getting dengue fever. High risk areas are Southeast Asia, western Pacific Islands, Latin America, and the Caribbean. \n Have a history of dengue fever \n If you have been sick with dengue before, you have a high chance of experiencing more serious symptoms if you are infected again. \n \n\n \n\n Complications \n\n What complications can occur from this disease? \n\n If not treated properly, fatal dengue complications can occur. One of them is dengue shock syndrome (DSS). \n\n DSS does not only cause the usual dengue fever symptoms, but is also accompanied by shock symptoms such as: \n\n \n Hypotension (falling blood pressure) \n Difficulty breathing \n Weakened pulse \n Cold sweating \n Dilated pupils \n This condition cannot be cured simply by being left alone. DSS can cause organ failure, which may lead to death. \n \n\n \n\n How is dengue fever treated? \n\n There is no specific treatment for the disease, most patients will usually recover within 2 weeks. However, it is important to treat symptoms appropriately to avoid complications. \n\n Doctors usually recommend the following treatment options for dengue: \n\n 1. Fever-reducing medication \n\n Paracetamol is a painkiller that can ease pain and lower fever. Avoid painkillers that can increase bleeding complications, such as aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen sodium. For more serious cases, dengue can lead to shock or hemorrhagic fever which requires more medical attention. \n\n 2. Get plenty of bed rest \n\n People who are experiencing dengue fever are advised to rest. By resting, the patient will recover faster. Rest can help restore damaged body tissues when exposed to this condition. The doctor will give the patient some drugs to make them sleepy so that they can rest fully. \n\n 3. Drink plenty of fluids \n\n Treatment in the hospital using IVs will help DHF patients meet their fluid needs. However, a DHF patient does not always have to be hospitalized. As long as you follow the guidelines, you can treat DHF patients at home. Doctors will advise patients hospitalized or treated at home to consume lots of fluids. Not only mineral water or infusions, fluids can be from soup, fruit, or juice. DHF patients must consume fluids to reduce fever and prevent dehydration. Symptoms of dengue fever due to the dengue virus characterized by muscle cramps and headaches due to dehydration can also be treated by drinking plenty of fluids. \n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/a><\/div>- Hermina Grand Wisata<\/a><\/li>
- 21 February 2024<\/li><\/ul><\/div>
Frequently Occurring Hernia Characteristics, Know the Causes that We Need to Watch Out for<\/a><\/h3>
A hernia is a lump that appears as a result of an internal organ leaving the body through weakened surrounding tissue. If left untreated, a hernia can cause blood flow blockage resulting in tissue death. \n\n \n\n Causes of Hernia \n\n A hernia occurs when an organ protrudes through weakened surrounding tissue. The causes can vary, including: \n\n \n Ageing or aging \n Frequent heavy lifting \n Undergoing abdominal surgery \n Excess weight or obesity \n Chronic cough \n Constipation \n \n\n In addition to the above conditions, there are factors that can increase a person's risk of suffering from a hernia, including: \n\n \n Being born prematurely or having a low birth weight \n Having a family member with a hernia \n Experiencing increased pressure in the abdominal wall due to pregnancy \n Having undergone hernia repair surgery \n \n\n \n\n Hernia Symptoms \nHernia symptoms can vary, depending on the type the patient is experiencing. The following are the types of hernias and the symptoms that accompany them: \n\n \n\n 1. Inguinal hernia \n\n Inguinal hernias are most commonly experienced by men. This condition occurs when the intestines or tissues in the abdominal cavity protrude into the groin, causing symptoms such as: \n\n \n A groin lump that is affected by the hernia, but disappears when lying down \n Pain in the groin, especially when coughing, exercising or lifting heavy items \n The groin feels heavy or hot \n Swelling and pain in the sac of the testicles (scrotum) \n \n\n \n\n 2. Femoral hernia \n\n A femoral hernia occurs when tissue or part of the intestine protrudes into the inner upper thigh. Femoral hernias are more common in women who are overweight. Symptoms of a femoral hernia include: \n\n \n Pain in the groin when standing, lifting heavy objects, coughing, or exercising \n Abdominal pain \n Nausea and vomiting \n \n\n \n\n 3. Umbilical hernia \n\n An umbilical hernia occurs when part of the intestine or tissue protrudes through the muscle near the navel. This type of hernia is commonly experienced by infants as a result of their umbilical cord holes not closing completely. Symptoms of an umbilical hernia include: \n\n \n Reddish or purplish protruding navel \n Round shape of the abdomen \n The abdomen feels full \n Abdominal pain when pressed \n Constipation \n Fever \n Vomiting \n \n\n \n\n 4. Hiatal hernia \n\n A hiatal hernia, also known as a diaphragmatic hernia, occurs when part of the stomach protrudes into the chest cavity. The lump enters through the muscle that separates the chest cavity and the abdominal cavity (diaphragm). Common symptoms of a hiatal hernia are: \n\n \n Heartburn \n Acid reflux disease (GERD) \n Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) \n Shortness of breath \n Vomiting blood \n Chest pain \n Abdominal pain \n Blackish stools \n \n\n \n\n 5. Incisional hernia \n\n An incisional hernia occurs when tissue protrudes through a surgical scar in the abdomen. Common symptoms are: \n\n \n Constipation \n A lump near the surgical incision \n Pain around the lump \n Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) \n Nausea and vomiting \n Fever \n \n\n \n\n 6. Epigastric hernia \n\n An epigastric hernia occurs when tissue protrudes through the upper abdominal wall, from the solar plexus to the navel. Symptoms of this condition include: \n\n \n A lump above the navel \n Pain around the herniated lump \n Abdominal pain, especially when sneezing, coughing, or laughing \n \n\n \n\n 7. Spigelian hernia \n\n A spigelian hernia occurs when a portion of the intestine protrudes from the spigelian abdominal connective tissue (spigelian fascia). Symptoms include: \n\n \n A lump under or next to the belly button \n Intermittent or persistent abdominal pain \n Abdominal pain when exercising, lifting heavy objects, or during bowel movements \n Constipation \n \n\n \n\n 8. Muscle hernia \n\n A muscle hernia occurs when a portion of muscle protrudes through the muscle's protective layer (fascia). Unlike the other types of hernias, they most commonly occur in the shin muscles of the legs due to injury, either from exercising too strenuously or lifting weights. \n\n Symptoms of a muscle hernia include prolonged pain in the leg and may be accompanied by swelling. This swelling may disappear when resting and reappear when the muscle is tensed. \n\n When to see a doctor? \nSee a doctor if you experience the symptoms of a hernia as mentioned above. Examination and treatment need to be done immediately if: \n\n \n Pain appears suddenly and feels severe \n The hernia lump changes color to purple or black \n The hernia lump is painful and hard \n Difficulty defecating or passing gas \n Severe nausea and vomiting \n Fever \n \n\n \n\n Hernia Diagnosis \nThe doctor will ask questions about symptoms and medical history, followed by a physical examination of the patient. After that, the doctor will perform further examinations, such as: \n\n \n Ultrasound, to view the inside of the abdominal and pelvic organs \n Rotgen photos, to examine the esophagus, stomach and intestines \n CT scan, to examine in more detail the internal organs of the abdominal cavity \n MRI, to detect tears in the abdominal muscles, even if there is no visible lump \n Endoscopy, to examine the inside of the esophagus and stomach \n \n\n \n\n Hernia Treatment \nAfter determining the diagnosis, the doctor will determine the appropriate treatment according to the type of hernia and the patient's condition. Some of the treatment methods that can be done by the doctor are: \n\n Administration of drugs \nAdministration of drugs can be done to people with hiatal hernia. These drugs function to reduce stomach acid to relieve symptoms. Some types of drugs that are prescribed are: \n\n \n Antacids \n H-2 receptor antagonists \n Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) \n \n\n \n\n Surgery \nSurgery to treat a hernia can be done by open surgery or keyhole surgery (laparoscopy). There are several surgical methods that can be performed by doctors to treat hernias, namely: \n\n \n Herniotomy : Herniotomy involves making an incision in the abdomen to remove the hernia sac. \n Hernioraphy : Just like in herniotomy, hernioraphy is performed by stitching the hernia exit area to strengthen the abdominal wall. \n Hernioplasty : In hernioplasty, the doctor will use a synthetic mesh to close the hole where the hernia exits. \n \n\n \n\n Complications of Hernia \nHernias that are not treated immediately will grow larger and press on the surrounding tissue. This can lead to complications such as: \n\n Incarcerated hernia : An incarcerated hernia is when the intestine becomes trapped in the abdominal wall, causing severe pain, nausea, vomiting and difficulty passing stools. \n\n Strangulated hernia : Strangulated hernia is when the blood flow to the intestine is blocked, causing tissue death. \n\n \n\n Hernia Prevention \nThe following are efforts that can be made to prevent hernias: \n\n \n Quit smoking \n Exercise regularly \n Maintain an ideal body weight \n Eat healthy, nutritionally complete and balanced food \n Increase fiber intake to prevent constipation \n Not lifting weights beyond your ability, including weight lifting exercises \n Be careful when lifting heavy objects \n See a doctor if you have a cough that does not go away \n \n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/a><\/div>- Hermina Grand Wisata<\/a><\/li>
- 21 February 2024<\/li><\/ul><\/div>
Do you know what congestive heart failure is?<\/a><\/h3>
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood. This is mainly to fulfill the tissues' need for oxygen and nutrients. \n\n However, heart failure does not mean that the heart stops working. Rather, it works less efficiently than usual. Due to a variety of possible causes, blood moves through the heart and body at a slower pace, and the pressure in the heart increases. As a result, the heart cannot pump enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the body's needs. \n\n \n\n What is congestive heart failure (CHF)? \n\n Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a condition in which the heart does not pump enough blood to the body's organs and other tissues. When one or two parts of the heart are not pumping blood out, blood builds up in the heart or clogs in organs or tissues. As a result, blood builds up in the circulatory system. If the left side of the heart fails to function properly, the right side of the heart system will be congested due to the accumulated blood. Inside, the heart is clogged due to excessive contractions to push blood and can cause heart failure. Likewise, if the right heart fails, the left heart will be compromised and can also cause heart failure. \n\n \n\n How common is congestive heart failure (CHF)? \n\n CHF is a condition that can occur at any age, even children, especially children with congenital heart defects. However, congestive heart failure is more common in older people, as they are more at risk of developing causes of heart muscle and heart valve damage. Changes in the heart with age also make the contractions of the heart less effective. CHF is a condition that can increase a person's risk of developing heart disease. \n\n \n\n Signs & Symptoms \n\n What are the signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure (CHF)? \n\n Heart failure is a chronic disease that occurs suddenly. Typical symptoms in people with congestive heart failure or CHF are easily out of breath during activity, shortness of breath when sleeping on their back so that they need several pillows to prop up their head so that they can breathe freely again. Those with CHF are the ones who often wake up at night due to shortness of breath and sometimes accompanied by swelling of the ankles. \n\n Other effects of CHF include loss of appetite, nausea, frequent nighttime urination, but weight gain due to harmful fluid build-up and swollen internal organs. When the left heart fails, blood flow to the lungs will become stagnant. This can cause fatigue, shortness of breath (especially at night when lying down), and coughing. Meanwhile, when the right heart fails, blood stagnates in the tissues. As a result, the liver becomes swollen and can cause abdominal pain. Your feet and soles can also become swollen due to the right heart not functioning properly. There may be other symptoms and signs not mentioned. Consult your doctor if you suspect other symptoms that may be related to this disease. \n\n \n\n When should I see a doctor? \n\n Consult a doctor immediately if you notice one or more of the symptoms of congestive heart failure mentioned above in yourself. The earliest symptoms of congestive heart failure or CHF are usually chest pain, shortness of breath, coughing up blood, and fainting. \n\n Contact your doctor again if after treatment, your symptoms worsen or have the opposite effect. \n\n \n\n Causes \n\n What causes congestive heart failure (CHF)? \n\n The most common cause of CHF is coronary heart disease. Other causes of CHF are heart muscle strain, high blood pressure, heart attack, cardiomyopathy, heart valve disease, infection, cardiac arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm), lung disease, anemia, tiraoid and too much body fluid. \n\n \n\n Risk factors \n\n What increases my risk of developing congestive heart failure (CHF)? \n\n There are many factors that can cause a person to develop heart failure. One factor alone can cause heart failure, but if many elements combine, the risk of heart failure is higher. \n\n \n\n Factors that increase the risk of congestive heart failure aka CHF are: \n\n Injury to the heart muscle during a heart attack. This will cause the strength of your heart to contract to be reduced and not like normal. \n\n Having a history of diabetes This disease can increase the risk of hypertension and coronary artery disease. \nCertain diabetes medications that control sugar levels can actually increase the risk of heart failure for some people. Even so, you should not stop any medication. If you are taking these medications, consult your doctor. \nSleep apnea. This condition can cause less oxygen in the blood and increase the risk of abnormal heart rhythms. Both can be causes of congestive heart failure. \nHave a history of heart valve disease. This condition causes the heart to be unable to pump blood properly, resulting in a higher risk of congestive heart failure. \nExposure to certain viral infections. Viral infections can cause heart muscle damage that triggers CHF. \nHaving a history of hypertension, aka high blood pressure. \nBeing overweight or obese. \nHave a history of heartbeat disorders. An abnormal heartbeat, especially when beating fast, can weaken the heart muscle and lead to CHF. \nConsuming too much alcohol. \nSmoking. \n\n \n\n Medication & Treatment \n\n The information provided is not a substitute for medical advice. ALWAYS consult your doctor. \n\n \n\n What are the treatment options for congestive heart failure (CHF)? \n\n For congestive heart failure, you need to treat the root cause of the disease. For example, if the cause of CHF is a heart problem, then you should have valve replacement surgery or heart valve repair. \n\n Some medications can be used to reduce the amount of fluid in the body or help the heart contract better. Diuretic medications help reduce the amount of fluid production in the body. \n\n Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors can also help the heart contract. Beta-blocker drugs reduce the heart rate. Some other medications can help lower blood pressure. \n\n It is important to understand that all medications have side effects, including dehydration, coughing, dizziness, fainting, and fatigue. Consult your doctor regarding which medication is most suitable for you. If any side effects bother you, see your doctor immediately. \n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/a><\/div>- Hermina Grand Wisata<\/a><\/li>
- 08 January 2024<\/li><\/ul><\/div>
Do you know how meningitis is transmitted and prevented?<\/a><\/h3>
Menigitis is one of the most serious diseases. Because, this disease has claimed the lives of two artists Olga Syahputra and Glenn Fredly. \n\n Therefore, people must understand about this disease or the symptoms of meningitis. What does meningitis look like? \n\n Caused by viruses, bacteria, and fungi, meningitis can be transmitted from one person to another. That way, you need to know through what transmission of meningitis can occur. This is important to note because transmission can occur at any time and from anyone. \n\n Definition \n\n Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes that protect the brain and spine. \n\n What causes it? \n\n Meningitis can be caused by viruses, bacteria or fungi. In children, it is most commonly found due to TB germs. \n\n Signs and symptoms \n\n \n Severe headache and sudden high fever (a frequent early symptom) \n Changes in level of consciousness \n Neck stiffness \n Appearance of confusion \n Excessive sensitivity to light and sound \n Seizures \n Rapid pulse, irregular breathing \n Vomiting \n Difficult to wake up \n \n\n Diagnosis of meningitis \n\n As soon as there is a suspicion of meningitis from the history and physical examination, an examination should be done immediately. \n\n \n Ct scan of the head, to confirm or rule out other causes (abscess, tumor, bleeding) \n Lumbar puncture, to find the cause of meningitis through examination of cerebro-spinal fluid. \n \n\n Complications \n\n Complications are more likely to occur if treatment is given late, not completed or the patient does not experience clinical improvement after the first week of therapy. Complications that may occur are \n\n \n Ventriculitis \n Hydrocephalus \n Hemorrhage \n Shock \n Electrolyte disturbances \n \n\n \nTreatment \n\n After determining the diagnosis, the doctor will provide meningitis treatment according to the cause of meningitis, namely \n\n \n administration of antibiotics or antiviral drugs. \n Surgery is performed if there are complications from meningitis. \n \n\n Prevention \n\n \n Maintain health \n If you suffer from otitis media or tuberculosis, take the medicine given. \n Vaccinate the child completely \n \n\n \n\n The later it is realized and detected, the longer the healing process. This is because the spread of the disease virus has been widespread. \nViruses and bacteria that cause meningitis will easily spread through the bloodstream and then move to the spinal cord to the brain. \n"Many accompanying factors can cause meningitis, not only based on decreased immunity. For example, a tooth infection that is not treated immediately can spread to the brain," he explained. \nIt is said that this disease can cause death due to inflammation or inflammation that causes swelling. Then it will make the brain mass increase. \nWhen one part of the brain increases in volume, it will cause an increase in pressure on the brain or called intracranial pressure. \nOf course, the brain is the center of everything for the body. If infection with a disease spreads, it will affect the coordination center. \nTherefore, he urged that if there are unusual and persistent symptoms, the public should immediately check themselves. This is an effort to detect diseases that may be dangerous. \n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/a><\/div>- Hermina Grand Wisata<\/a><\/li>
- 08 January 2024<\/li><\/ul><\/div>
How to recognize the causes of epileptic seizures, symptoms and treatments<\/a><\/h3>
This disease can affect a person when there are changes or damage in the brain. As is known, there are neurons or nerve cells in the brain which are part of the nervous system. Each of these nerve cells will communicate with each other using electrical impulses. In the case of epilepsy, seizures occur when electrical impulses are generated in excess. \n\n 1. Definition \n\n Epilepsy: A brain disorder characterized by a tendency to produce continuous epileptic seizures, with neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences. This definition requires the occurrence of at least 1 epileptic seizure. \nEpileptic seizure: A momentary onset of signs/symptoms due to abnormal and excessive neuronal activity in the brain. \n\n 2. Etiology \n\n The etiology of epilepsy can be divided into three categories, as follows: \nIdiopathic: no structural lesions in the brain or neurologic deficits. It is thought to have a genetic predisposition and is generally age-related. \nCryptogenic: considered symptomatic but the cause is unknown. These include West syndrome, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and myoclonic epilepsy. Clinical features are consistent with diffuse encephalopathy. \nSymptomatic: epileptic seizures caused by structural abnormalities/lesions of the brain, e.g. head injury, CNS infection, congenital abnormalities, space destructive lesions, cerebral circulatory disorders, toxic (alcohol, drugs), metabolic, neurodegenerative disorders. \n\n 3. Diagnosis \n\n Pre-, greeting, and post-awakening symptoms and signs: \n\n \n Before awakening / prodomal symptoms o Physical and psychological conditions that indicate an impending awakening, such as behavioral changes, feelings of hunger, sweating, hypothermia, drowsiness, sensitivity, and others. \n During awakening/ictal: o Is there an aura, symptoms felt at the beginning of the awakening? o What is the pattern/form of awakening, ranging from eye deviation, head movement, body movement, vocalization, aumatization, movement in one or both arms and legs, tonic/clonic awakening, incontinence, tongue biting, pallor, sweating, and others. (It would be better if the family can be asked to mimic the movement of the awakening or record a video during the awakening) o Is there more than one pattern of awakening? o Is there a change in pattern from the previous awakening o Activities of the person during the awakening, such as sleeping, awake, playing video games, micturition, and others. \n ∙Post-awakening/post-ictal: Confusion, immediate awareness, headache, sleep, restless noise, Todd's paresis. \n \n\n 4. Precipitating factors: fatigue, lack of sleep, hormonal, psychological stress, alcohol. \n5. Supportive examination: \n\n \n Electro-encephalographic examination (EEG) EEG recording is the most useful examination when a seizure is suspected to: o Help support the diagnosis o Help determine the type of seizure or syndromes of epilepsy o Help determine the prognosis o Help determine whether OAE should be given. \n Brain imaging examination Useful for detecting epileptogenic lesions in the brain. High-resolution MRI (at least 1.5 Tesla) can non-invasively diagnose various pathologic lesions such as mesial temporal sclerosis, glioma, ganglioma, cavernous malformation, DNET (dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor), tuberous sclerosis.4 Functional brain imaging such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) are useful in providing additional information on the impact of metabolic changes and regional blood flow changes in the brain associated with seizures.4 The indication for neuroimaging examination (CT scan of the head or MRI of the head) in cases of seizures is when the first unprovoked seizure appears in adulthood. The purpose of neuroimaging examination in this condition is to look for structural lesions that cause seizures. CT scan of the head is preferred for emergency cases, because the examination technique is faster. On the other hand, head MRI is preferred for elective cases. In terms of sensitivity in determining lesions in elective cases. In terms of sensitivity in determining structural lesions, MRI is more sensitive than CT scan of the head. \n Laboratory examination o Hematological examination This examination includes hemoglobin, leukocyte and type count, hematocrit, platelets, peripheral blood smear, electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium), blood sugar level, liver function (SGOT/SGPT), ureum, creatinine and albumin. - Initial treatment as one of the references in ruling out differential diagnosis and OAE selection - Two months after OAE administration to detect OAE side effects - Routinely repeated every year to monitor OAE side effects, or if clinical symptoms arise due to OAE side effects. \n \n\n 6. Therapy \n\n THE GOALS OF THERAPY The main goal of epilepsy therapy is to enable the person with epilepsy to live a normal life and achieve an optimal quality of life for his or her disability. The expectation is "generation-free, without side effects". To achieve this goal, several efforts are needed, including side / with minimal side effects, reducing morbidity and mortality. \n \n\n \n \n\n Sumber : Pedoman Tatalaksana Epilepsi. PERDOSSI. 2015. \n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/a><\/div>- Hermina Grand Wisata<\/a><\/li>
- 22 December 2023<\/li><\/ul><\/div>
Recognize Appendicitis Symptoms and Examination<\/a><\/h3>
When you have appendicitis and it is not treated promptly, it can cause your appendix to burst. When this happens, bacteria are released into your abdomen and can cause a serious infection. A ruptured appendix can make you feel very sick and can sometimes be difficult to treat. \n\n Definition \n\n Appendicitis is an inflammatory process of the appendix that usually occurs due to an infectious process. This acute condition causes disruption to the appendix and surrounding organs. Appendicitis is a common emergency condition that requires immediate examination and treatment. \n\n Complaints/Symptoms \n\n The initial complaint is usually nonspecific abdominal pain followed by nausea and vomiting, and there may be a decrease in appetite. The abdominal pain then moves and centers around the lower right, although there may be complaints in other parts of the abdomen. Abdominal pain may occur within the first 24-48 hours of inflammation of the appendix. \n\n \n Abdominal pain (in most cases) \n Nausea and vomiting (61-92%) \n Anorexia or decreased appetite \n Fever \n Constipation \n \n\n Examination \n\n The diagnosis of appendicitis is made by a health professional at a health facility \n\n \n Interview and physical examination \n Lab examination (complete blood, complete urine) \n Radiologic examination (ultrasonography) \n In female patients, an evaluation of the female organs should also be done to rule out the possibility of a disease condition that may also cause abdominal pain. \n \n\n Complications \n\n If left untreated, the appendix can become increasingly inflamed, leading to its rupture (perforation). If the appendix is perforated, severe infection of the entire abdomen can occur and this is a serious complication. \n\n Management \n\n The initial treatment is generally the administration of painkillers, anti-nausea, and antibiotics to help relieve complaints temporarily. The patient will then be prepared for surgery to remove the appendix. In this case, surgery is the only definitive therapy for appendicitis as the infected and inflamed appendix must be removed immediately to prevent further infection and disruption of the surrounding organs. \n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/a><\/div>- Hermina Grand Wisata<\/a><\/li>
- 22 December 2023<\/li><\/ul><\/div>
Let's recognize the signs of urinary tract stones and how to treat them<\/a><\/h3>
More than 90 percent of your urine is water. The rest contains minerals, such as salts, and waste products, such as proteins. Concentrated urine itself varies in color, ranging from dark yellow to brown, depending on the type of waste and minerals it contains. \n\n Concentrated urine is often caused by dehydration or the inability to empty the bladder completely. This may be due to an enlarged prostate, bladder problems, or a urinary tract infection (UTI). \n\n Definition \nUrinary tract stones are stones that get stuck in the urinary tract, be it in the kidneys, ureters, or urethra. It is one of the diseases of the human urological system. \n\n Urinary tract stones are made of salts and minerals in the urine that stick together and form stones. Most stones are small pebbles and are usually painless when they remain in the kidneys. \n\n Urinary tract stones are a fairly common disease. In fact, it is the third most common disease in urology after urinary tract infections and BPH (benign prostate enlargement). \n\n Unfortunately, data on patients with urinary tract stone disease has not been well recorded in Indonesia. However, it is estimated that around 0.6% of the Indonesian population suffers from kidney stones that may be related to this disease. \n\n Features and Symptoms \n\n \n Severe pain in the side and back, under the ribs. \n Pain that radiates to the lower abdomen and groin. \n Pain that comes in waves and fluctuates in intensity. \n Pain when urinating. \n Urine that is pink, red, or brown in color. \n Cloudy or foul-smelling urine. \n Nausea and vomiting. \n Urinating more frequently than usual. \n Fever and fever if there is an infection. \n Urinating in small amounts. \n \n\n \nRisk Factors \n\n \n Personal or family history. If someone in your family has kidney stones, you are more likely to get urinary tract stones too. If you have also had one or more kidney stones, you have a higher risk of developing urinary tract stones again. \n Dehydration Not drinking enough water every day can increase a person's risk of developing urinary stones. People who live in warm climates and those who sweat a lot may be more at risk than others. \n Certain diets. Following a diet high in protein, sodium and sugar can increase the risk of developing certain types of kidney stones (including urinary tract stones). The risk is even greater if you have a high-sodium diet. Too much sodium in the diet increases the amount of calcium that the kidneys have to filter and significantly increases the risk of urinary tract stones. \n Obesity High body mass index (BMI), large waist size, and weight gain have been associated with an increased risk of urinary stones. \n Digestive diseases and surgeries. Gastric bypass surgery, inflammatory bowel disease, or chronic diarrhea can cause changes in the digestive process that affect calcium absorption and cancer, increasing levels of stone-forming substances in the urine. \n Other medical conditions. Diseases and conditions that can increase the risk of urinary tract stones include renal tubular acidosis, cystinuria, hyperparathyroidism, certain medications and some urinary tract infections. \n \n\n Diagnosis \n\n \n Blood test: Blood tests can tell if there is too much calcium or uric acid in your blood. Blood test results help monitor kidney health and may allow doctors to check for other medical conditions. \n Urine Tests: A 24-hour urine collection test can show if the body is removing too much stone-forming minerals or too little stone-preventing substances. For this test, the doctor may ask you to undergo two urine collections on two consecutive days. \n Imaging. Imaging tests can show stones in your urinary tract. Options range from abdominal X-rays to high-speed or dual-energy computerized tomography (CT) that can show the presence of very small stones. \n Other imaging procedures. These include ultrasound, non-invasive tests, and intravenous urography (intravenous pyelogram), or CT imaging (CT urogram) using a contrast media compound that can clarify the image of your urinary tract. \n Analysis of removed stones. You will be asked to urinate through a filter that will catch the expelled stones. The doctor will then examine the stones in the lab. \n \n\n Treatment \n\n \n Drink water. Drinking as much as 2-3 liters of water a day can help cleanse your urinary system. Unless your doctor recommends otherwise, drink enough fluids (especially water) to produce clear or almost clear urine.Pain relief. \n Removing kidney stones may cause discomfort. To relieve mild pain, your doctor may recommend pain relievers such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) or naproxen sodium (Aleve). \n Medical therapy. Your doctor may give you medication to help you pass the kidney stones. This type of medication, known as alpha blockers, relaxes the muscles in the urinary tract, helping you pass the kidney stone more quickly and with less pain. \n Surgical Procedure. Extracorporeal shock wave lithostripsy (ESWL), Surgical removal of kidney stones, Ureteroscopy, Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \n \n\n Prevention \n\n \n Drink water throughout the day \n Reduce consumption of oxalate-containing foods \n Choose a low salt diet \n Reduce animal protein intake \n Ensure calcium needs are well met \n \n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/a><\/div>- Hermina Grand Wisata<\/a><\/li>
- 21 November 2023<\/li><\/ul><\/div>
Is it normal to have excessive nausea and vomiting during pregnancy?<\/a><\/h3>
The long-awaited blue line has finally appeared. Happiness is certainly felt by prospective parents. Being able to undergo a healthy pregnancy must be the hope of prospective mothers. However, it is not uncommon for various pregnancy challenges to arise. One of them is the condition of nausea and vomiting. \n\n \nNausea and vomiting are actually common conditions in the first trimester of pregnancy. However, if it occurs continuously and interferes with daily activities, you should start to be vigilant because it could be a sign of hyperemesis gravidarum. What is it? \n\n \nDefinition \n\n \nHyperemesis gravidarum (HEG) is a condition where the patient has excessive nausea and vomiting, more than 10 times in 24 hours or at any time, which interferes with health and daily work. \n\n \nSymptoms \n\n \nSymptoms begin early in pregnancy, before 16 weeks of gestation. Some symptoms that may occur include: \n\n \nNausea and vomiting, at least one of which is severe \n\n \nInability to eat or drink normally \n\n \nBody weakness and more limited daily activity \n\n \nHaving less or cloudy urine \n\n \nEyes may look more yellow and sunken \n\n \nBreath or urine smells of acetone \n\n \nWeight loss \n\n \nConstipation \n\n \nImpaired consciousness \n\n \nPrevention \n\n \nModify your diet by eating smaller amounts of food more frequently. Avoid spicy and fatty foods, as well as foods that have strong odors and may stimulate nausea. Consumption of foods or drinks containing ginger may be beneficial \n\n \nAvoid triggers for nausea and vomiting, such as strong smells, stuffy rooms, noise, and glare. In addition, good stamina should also be maintained with adequate rest. \n\n \nManagement \n\n \nInitial therapy for HEG may include replacing the prenatal multivitamin with a single folic acid supplement. In addition, consumption of 250 mg of ginger 4x a day can reduce symptoms. Administration of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) or doxylamine is effective in cases of HEG without dehydration. However, if symptoms worsen, patients can be given antihistamines (such as dimenhydrinate or diphenhydramine) or dopamine antagonists (such as ondansetron or metochlorpramide). Dehydration that occurs in HEG needs appropriate fluid replacement correction. \n\n \nRisks and Complications \n\n \nThe incidence of long-term side effects and fetal side effects due to HEG is rare. HEG is a common complaint during pregnancy and may resolve itself as the pregnancy progresses. However, be aware of aggravated HEG symptoms as they can lead to dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, malnutrition, and Wernicke's encephalopathy. \n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/a><\/div>- Hermina Grand Wisata<\/a><\/li>
- 21 November 2023<\/li><\/ul><\/div>
Let's know the history, signs and symptoms and prevention of Tuberculosis!<\/a><\/h3>
TB in Indonesia has a long history. The oldest record of TB in Indonesia was found on one of the reliefs of Borobudur Temple in the 8th century AD. Since the Dutch East Indies period there are several records related to TB activities, namely: The Centrale Vereniging Voor Tuberculose Bestrijding (CVT) Association was formed in 1908 and in 1939 15 sanatoriums were established for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 20 consultatiebureaus that provided counseling and treatment. \n\n After independence, namely during the Old Order era (1945-1966), the Lung Disease Eradication Institute (LP4) was established in Yogyakarta. Known as the Lung Disease Eradication Center (BP4), the institution was disseminated to 53 locations. In 1950 General Soedirman died of tuberculosis. \n\n TUBERCULOSIS (TB) is a \nAn infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis which generally attacks the lungs but can also attack other organs such as the digestive organs, lymph glands, skin, nervous system, muscles, liver, and reproductive system. The bacteria are rod-shaped/bacilli that have special properties that are resistant to acid, therefore these bacteria are also known as Acid Resistant Bacilli (BTA) and will quickly die when exposed to direct sunlight but can survive for several hours in dark and humid conditions. \n\n HOW THE DISEASE SPREADS \nPulmonary tuberculosis can be spread through aerosols (saliva/sneeze droplets) from the mucous membranes of the lungs of patients infected by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis bacteria then the droplets are inhaled or enter the respiratory tract of healthy people, then the bacteria develop in the lungs of the person. \n\n SIGNS & SYMPTOMS \nPulmonary tuberculosis has signs and symptoms such as: \nCough with phlegm \nShortness of breath or chest pain \nProlonged fever \nBody weakness \nDecreased appetite \nWeight loss \n\n MANAGEMENT \nTuberculosis can be treated with TB regimen drugs such as Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, and Streptomycin. Treatment usually takes 6 months followed by periodic sputum examination to see the success of the treatment. \nSome cases of pulmonary tuberculosis may be resistant to the above drugs, so it is necessary to adjust the drug regimen given by using a special regimen for drug-resistant tuberculosis. \n\n PREVENTION \nTuberculosis can be prevented by: \nUsing a mask or covering your mouth when coughing and sneezing. \nNot spitting in any place \nEating nutritious food \nImplementing Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) \nKeeping a distance from patients diagnosed with tuberculosis \n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/a><\/div>- Hermina Grand Wisata<\/a><\/li>
- 09 October 2023<\/li><\/ul><\/div>
Get to know the symptoms of hernia starting from the cause and how to treat it<\/a><\/h3>
Straining in the toilet (due to long-term constipation, for example) continuous coughing cystic fibrosis enlarged prostate straining to urinate overweight or obesity abdominal fluid lifting heavy items peritoneal dialysis malnutrition smoking physical exertion undescended testicles The most common symptom of a hernia is a bulge or lump in the affected area. \n\n A hernia is a lump that appears due to the escape of an internal organ through weakened surrounding tissue. If left untreated, a hernia can cause blood flow blockage resulting in tissue death. \n\n Causes of Hernia \nA hernia occurs when an organ protrudes through weakened surrounding tissue. The causes can vary, including: \n\n \n Pertambahan age or aging \n Sering lifting heavy weights \n Menjalani abdominal surgery \n Berat overweight or obesity \n Batuk chronic \n Sembelit \n \n\n In addition to the above conditions, there are factors that can increase a person's risk of suffering from a dropped back or hernia, including: \n\n \n Terlahir being premature or having a low birth weight \n Memiliki family history of hernia \n Mengalami increased pressure within the abdominal wall due to pregnancy \n Pernah undergoing hernia repair surgery \n \n\n Hernia Symptoms \nHernia symptoms can vary, depending on the type the patient is experiencing. The following are the types of hernias and the symptoms that accompany them: \n1. Inguinal hernia \nInguinal hernias are most commonly experienced by men. This condition occurs when the intestines or tissues in the abdominal cavity protrude into the groin, causing symptoms such as: \n\n \n Benjolan in the groin affected by the hernia, but disappears when lying down \n Nyeri in the groin, especially when coughing, exercising or lifting heavy items \n Selangkangan feeling heavy or hot \n Bengkak and pain in the sac of the testicles (scrotum) \n \n\n \n2. Femoral hernia \nA femoral hernia occurs when tissue or part of the intestine protrudes into the inner upper thigh. Femoral hernias are more common in women who are overweight. \nSymptoms of a femoral hernia include: \n\n \n Nyeri in the groin when standing, lifting heavy objects, coughing, or exercising \n Sakit abdomen \n Mual and vomiting \n \n\n \n3. Umbilical hernia \nAn umbilical hernia occurs when part of the intestine or tissue protrudes through the muscle near the navel. This type of hernia is commonly experienced by infants due to their umbilical cord holes not closing completely. \nSymptoms of an umbilical hernia include: \n\n \n Pusar protruding reddish or purplish in color \n Perut round shape \n Perut feels full \n Perut pain when pressed \n Sembelit \n Demam \n Muntah \n \n\n 4. Hiatal hernia \nA hiatal hernia, also known as a diaphragmatic hernia, occurs when part of the stomach protrudes into the chest cavity. The lump enters through the muscle that separates the chest cavity and the abdominal cavity (diaphragm). \nCommon symptoms of a hiatal hernia are: \n\n \n Nyeri heartburn \n Penyakit acid reflux (GERD) \n Kesulitan swallowing (dysphagia) \n Sesak breathing \n Muntah blood \n Dada pain \n Sakit stomach \n Tinja blackish color \n \n\n \n5. Incisional hernia \nAn incisional hernia occurs when tissue protrudes through a surgical scar in the abdomen. Common symptoms are: \n\n \n Sembelit \n Benjolan near the surgical incision \n Nyeri around the lump \n Jantung rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) \n Mual and vomiting \n Demam \n \n\n \n6. Epigastric hernia \nAn epigastric hernia occurs when tissue protrudes through the upper abdominal wall, from the solar plexus to the navel. Symptoms of this condition include: \n\n \n Benjolan above the navel \n Nyeri around the hernia lump \n Sakit abdomen, especially when, sneezing, coughing, or laughing \n \n\n \n7. Spigelian hernia \nA spigelian hernia occurs when a portion of the intestine protrudes from the spigelian abdominal connective tissue (spigelian fascia). Symptoms include: \n\n \n Benjolan below or next to the belly button \n Sakit an intermittent or persistent abdomen \n Sakit abdomen when exercising, lifting heavy objects, or during bowel movements \n Sembelit \n \n\n \n8. Muscle hernia \nA muscle hernia occurs when a portion of muscle protrudes through the muscle's protective layer (fascia). Unlike other types of hernias, they most commonly occur in the shin muscles of the legs due to injury, either from exercising too strenuously or lifting weights. \nSymptoms of a muscle hernia include prolonged pain in the leg and may be accompanied by swelling. This swelling may disappear when resting and reappear when the muscle is tensed. \nWhen to see a doctor? \nSee a doctor if you experience the symptoms of a hernia as mentioned above. Examination and treatment need to be done immediately if: \n\n \n Nyeri appears suddenly and feels severe \n Benjolan hernia changes color to purple or black \n Benjolan the hernia is painful and hard \n Sulit defecation or passing gas \n Mual and severe vomiting Fever \n \n\n Hernia Diagnosis \nThe doctor will ask questions about the symptoms and history of the disease, followed by a physical examination of the patient. After that, the doctor will perform further examinations, such as: \n\n \n USG, to look inside the abdominal and pelvic organs \n Foto X-rays, to examine the esophagus, stomach and intestines \n CT scan, to examine in more detail the internal organs of the abdominal cavity \n MRI, to detect tears in the abdominal muscles, even if there is no visible lump \n Endoskopi, to examine the inside of the esophagus and stomach \n \n\n Hernia Treatment \nAfter determining the diagnosis, the doctor will determine the appropriate treatment according to the type of hernia and the patient's condition. Some of the treatment methods that can be done by doctors are: \n\n Administration of drugs \nAdministration of drugs can be done to people with hiatal hernia. These drugs function to reduce stomach acid to relieve symptoms. Some types of drugs that are prescribed are: \n\n \n Antasida \n Antagonis H-2 receptors \n Penghambat proton pump (PPI) \n \n\n Surgery \nSurgery to treat a hernia can be done by open surgery or keyhole surgery (laparoscopy). There are several surgical methods that can be performed by doctors to treat hernias, namely: \n\n \n Herniotomi \n \n\n Herniotomy is performed by making an incision in the abdomen to remove the hernia sac. \n\n \n Herniorafi \n \n\n Similar to a herniotomy, a hernioraphy is performed by stitching the area of the hernia exit to strengthen the abdominal wall. \n\n \n Hernioplasti \n \n\n In hernioplasty, the doctor will use a synthetic mesh to close the hole where the hernia exits. \n\n Hernia Complications \nHernias that are not treated promptly will grow larger and press on the surrounding tissue. This can lead to complications such as: \n\n \n Hernia incarceration \n \n\n An incarcerated hernia is when the intestine becomes trapped in the abdominal wall, causing severe pain, nausea, vomiting and difficulty passing stools. \n\n \n Hernia strangulata \n \n\n A strangulated hernia is when blood flow to a part of the intestine is blocked, causing tissue death. \n\n Hernia Prevention \nThe following are efforts that can be made to prevent hernias: \n\n \n Berhenti smoking \n Berolahraga regularly \n Menjaga ideal body weight \n Mengonsumsi healthy, nutritionally complete and balanced diet \n Memperbanyak fiber intake to prevent constipation \n Tidak lifting weights beyond your ability, including weightlifting exercises \n Berhati be careful when lifting heavy objects See a doctor if you have a cough that does not go away \n \n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/a><\/div>- Hermina Grand Wisata<\/a><\/li>
- 02 October 2023<\/li><\/ul><\/div>
Here's How to Overcome Hypertension with the DASH Diet, What is the DASH Diet?<\/a><\/h3>
Hypertension or high blood pressure is a condition when the systolic blood pressure rises by more than 140 mmHg and the diastolic blood pressure rises by more than 90 mmHg on 2 different measurements in a clinic or hospital, under restful conditions. Hypertension puts people at greater risk of heart disease, kidney failure and stroke. Based on the Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) of the Republic of Indonesia in 2018, the incidence of hypertension in Indonesia reached 34.1%. One of the therapies for hypertension is lifestyle changes including diet and physical activity. A diet that can be applied to hypertensive patients is the DASH diet. \n\n DASH diet, what kind of diet? \n\n The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet was first developed in the 1990s. Research by the National Institute of Health (NIH) found that dietary intervention alone can reduce systolic blood pressure by about 6-11 mmHg. This effect was seen in patients with hypertension as well as normal blood pressure. \n\n The DASH diet prioritizes the consumption of vegetables and fruits, lean meat and dairy products, and micronutrients in the daily diet. The DASH diet also recommends reducing sodium intake to 1500 mg/day or the equivalent of ¾ teaspoon of salt. There is strong evidence of an association between high salt/sodium intake and increased blood pressure. Avoid consumption of high-salt foods, such as soy sauce, prepared foods, and processed foods, such as high-salt breads and cereals, and reduce the addition of salt when preparing food or during meals. The DASH diet emphasizes the consumption of fresh and minimally processed foods. \n \nLet's take a closer look at the nutrient recommendations based on the DASH diet: \n\n Carbohydrates in the DASH diet include green leafy vegetables (kale, broccoli, spinach, mustard greens), whole grains (oats, wheat), fruits with a low glycemic index, and nuts. Fats are divided into good fats and bad fats. Good fats prevent inflammation, are a source of essential fatty acids, and promote overall health. Good fats can raise HDL and lower LDL when consumed in moderation. Sources of good fats include olive oil, avocados, nuts, flax seeds, fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids (e.g. mackerel, salmon). Bad fat sources include margarine, vegetable butter, partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, commonly found in ultra-processed foods (biscuits, ice cream, packaged foods), which can increase LDL levels that trigger plaque formation in arteries. Fats recommended in the DASH diet are good fats. Proteins in the DASH diet include plant-based proteins such as beans, soy products, and whole grains, and animal-based proteins including lean meats, low-fat dairy products, eggs, and fish. Processed or cured meats are not recommended as they can cause hypertension and also contain carcinogens. \n\n The DASH diet also includes certain foods rich in potassium, calcium and magnesium as these nutrients prevent endothelial dysfunction and promote relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Potassium source foods include bananas, oranges, avocados and spinach. Calcium can be found in dairy products and green leafy vegetables. Magnesium is obtained from whole grains, leafy vegetables, nuts and seeds. \n\n Serving/portioning guidelines on the DASH diet are as follows: \n1. Vegetables: about 5 servings per day \n2. Fruit: about 5 servings per day \n3. Carbohydrates: about 7 servings per day \n4. Low-fat dairy products: about 2 servings per day \n5. Lean meat products: about 2 servings or less per day \n6. Nuts and seeds 2-3 times per week 7. \n\n The DASH diet is a nutrition-based approach to prevent and control hypertension. However, it is not limited to people with hypertension, the DASH diet has also been studied to have benefits in helping reduce blood sugar, triglycerides, LDL, and insulin resistance. The DASH diet is also associated with the prevention and management of chronic heart failure. The most important thing about the DASH diet is that it requires lifestyle changes and adopting a healthy diet. Implementation of the DASH diet needs to be monitored by a health professional to optimize the benefits of this diet. \n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>"); $('#div_next_link').html(" <\/a><\/span>");
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