- Hermina Sukabumi<\/a><\/li>
- 25 January 2023<\/li><\/ul><\/div>
Recognize Blood Vessel Tumors (Hemangiomas) in Children, Is It Dangerous?<\/a><\/h3>
General Description \n\n Infantile hemangioma (HI) is a type of vascular tumor that forms due to excessive growth of blood vessel cells (vascular endothelial cells). This condition can occur in newborns and is seen as red spots or a thickening of the skin. A small proportion of infantile hemangiomas can disappear on their own as children get older, but they can also cause serious problems if they are located in certain areas, such as around the eyes or mouth. \n\n \n\n Signs and Symptoms \n\n Infantile hemangiomas usually appear as a red spot or a red thickening. The physical appearance of an infantile hemangioma can vary depending on its location and size. Infantile hemangiomas that are located on the surface generally look like a reddish or blue thickening or lump. Infantile hemangiomas located in internal organs, such as the liver or brain, cannot be seen physically and can only be detected through special examinations such as ultrasonography (USG) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Phases or changes in the state of infantile hemangioma can be explained as follows: \n\n \n \n Proliferation phase. The blood vessel cells continue to grow and cause an increase in the size of the hemangioma. This phase can occur several weeks after birth and last for several months. \n \n \n\n \n \n Plateau phase. Hemangioma growth began to slow down, and no significant change in size was seen. This phase usually occurs between the ages of 6 and 12 months and can last for several years. \n \n \n\n \n \n Involution phase. Blood vessel cells begin to disappear, and the hemangioma shrinks. This phase usually occurs between the ages of 2 and 5 and can last for several years. In some cases, infantile hemangiomas usually disappear completely by the end of this involution phase. \n \n \n\n \n\n Risk Factors \n\n Various studies have shown the possibility that there are biomolecular factors that influence changes in the growth properties of blood vessel cells, so that the formation of blood vessels becomes abnormal and too fast (hyperproliferation vasculogenesis). Several risk factors that can increase the likelihood of a baby experiencing infantile hemangiomas include: \n\n Gender : Baby girls are more likely to have infantile hemangiomas than baby boys. \n\n Maternal age at gestation: older pregnant women are more likely to have a child with an infantile hemangioma. \n\n Maternal pain during pregnancy: Pregnant women who experience excessive pain during pregnancy are more likely to have a child with an infantile hemangioma. \n\n Smoking: Pregnant women who smoke are more likely to have a child with an infantile hemangioma. \n\n \n\n Handling \n\n Infantile hemangiomas can be treated by administering certain drugs, and if necessary, surgery can be carried out according to indications. The following are some treatment options for infantile hemangiomas : \n\n Propranolol is a beta-blocker drug that works by reducing the production of hormones that cause blood vessels to grow. Propranolol is a first-line therapy that has been shown to be quite effective in treating hemangiomas. Prednisone is a drug that can also be used to treat infantile hemangiomas. Prednisone works by reducing inflammation and hemangioma size. \n\n Surgical therapy is a treatment option for infantile hemangiomas located in certain areas, such as around the eyes or mouth, or if the hemangioma causes other problems such as breathing problems or is in a location prone to infection. For infantile hemangiomas located in these areas, surgical treatment may be considered. Surgical therapy for infantile hemangiomas is usually performed by a plastic surgeon or vascular surgeon who is trained in dealing with vascular problems. Several types of surgical therapy that can be performed to treat infantile hemangiomas include : \n\n \n \n Laser surgery (pulsed dye laser): use of a laser to remove part or all of the hemangioma tissue. \n \n \n Plastic surgery : a special surgical technique using donor skin or other tissue to cover the wound after the hemangioma has been removed. \n \n \n Embolization: A technique in which certain chemicals are used to block the blood vessels that supply blood to the hemangioma tissue. \n \n \n\n Infant and toddler patients with a possible diagnosis of infantile hemangioma can also be consulted further with a pediatrician, a sub-specialist in hematology-oncology, and a surgeon in order to receive a more comprehensive treatment. \n\n The presence of a hemangioma condition can be detected by physical examination. The medical team can assess the child's health or detect the possibility of a hemangioma in the patient and plan its management. Parents can immediately consult a doctor at the nearest Hermina Hospital, and Friends of Hermina can also consult online with specialist doctors through the "Halo Hermina" application. \n\n \n\n Referensi: \n\n Chamli A, Aggarwal P, Jamil RT, et al. Hemangioma. [Updated 2022 Oct 25]. In: Stat Pearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538232/ \n\n Fei, Q., Lin, Y., & Chen, X. (2020). Treatments for infantile Hemangioma: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine, 26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100506 \n\n Novoa, M., Baselga, E., Beltran, S., Giraldo, L., Shahbaz, A., Pardo-Hernandez, H., & Arevalo-Rodriguez, I. (2019). Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin: abridged Cochrane systematic review and GRADE assessments. British Journal of Dermatology, 180(3), 527–533. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.17407 \n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/a><\/div>- Hermina Sukabumi<\/a><\/li>
- 19 December 2022<\/li><\/ul><\/div>
Maintain Kidney Health In Children<\/a><\/h3>
Kidney function in the body \n\n The kidneys are two oval, bean-shaped organs located at the back of the abdominal cavity. The size of an adult kidney is generally 3 cm thick, 6 cm wide, and about 11–12 cm long. The internal structure of the kidney will grow and develop until the age of 6–12 years, while the development of the outer structures and blood vessels of the kidney will stop at the age of 17–21 years. The two kidneys are responsible for filtering toxins, removing digestive wastes (urea and creatinine), and balancing electrolyte levels such as sodium and potassium in the bloodstream. The kidneys also produce hormones that regulate blood pressure and stimulate the production of red blood cells. Although the size of the kidney is relatively small, it has a very important function. \n\n \n\n Some of the important functions of the kidney include : \n\n \n Digestive Waste Removal: Kidneys help filter waste products and toxins from the body, including excess electrolytes and nitrogenous waste products such as urea. These wastes are then excreted from the body through urine. \n Regulates Electrolyte Balance: Kidneys help maintain electrolyte balance in the bloodstream. The kidneys will reabsorb electrolytes such as sodium and potassium as needed and excrete excess electrolytes in the urine. \n Regulation of Blood Pressure: The kidneys produce hormones that help regulate blood pressure by contracting or dilating blood vessels. \n Production of Red Blood Cells: The kidneys produce a hormone called erythropoietin (EPO), which helps stimulate the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. \n Production of Vitamin D: The kidneys produce the active form of Vitamin D, which helps regulate blood levels of calcium and phosphorus, which are essential for bone health. \n Maintain Blood Acidity: The kidneys are responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in the blood. The kidneys can form bicarbonate ions and excrete hydrogen ions to regulate the acid-base balance in the body. \n \n\n \n\n The role of the kidney in drug metabolism \n\n The pharmacokinetic process of drugs in the body can be divided into several stages, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. The liver and kidney are two organs that play a role in drug metabolism. Drug metabolism is the process by which drugs and other foreign substances are broken down by the body's enzymes. Most of the drugs are metabolized by the liver, while only certain drugs are metabolized by the kidneys. The liver will either break down the drug into an active form or break it down into simpler metabolites. The kidneys play a role in excreting drugs and their metabolites from the body through urine. The kidneys help break down the drug into its active components and excrete the remaining drug metabolites in the urine. The kidneys also help maintain certain drug concentrations in the blood and express them when the drug is no longer needed by the body. \n\n \n\n How to keep the kidneys healthy \n\n \n Stay hydrated (drink enough): Encourage your child to drink enough water throughout the day to avoid dehydration. \n Consume a well-balanced diet: To maintain healthy kidney function, ensure that your child consumes a well-balanced nutritional diet that includes fruits and vegetables. \n Exercise regularly: Adequate and regular physical activity can help maintain kidney function. \n Avoid exposure to secondhand smoke: Teach your child to avoid secondhand smoke, as secondhand smoke can increase the risk of kidney disease. \n Avoid alcohol: Teach your child not to drink alcohol (especially among teenagers), as alcohol can cause serious damage to the kidneys. \n Check medicines according to medical indications: Make sure any medicine your child is taking has first been consulted with a medical professional (doctor) and does not cause kidney problems. \n \n\n Impaired kidney function can be detected by certain physical and laboratory examinations. The medical team can assess kidney health or detect kidney disorders in patients and plan treatment. Parents can immediately consult a doctor at the nearest Hermina Hospital, and Friends of Hermina can also consult online with specialist doctors through the "Halo Hermina" application. \n\n Referensi: \n\n 1. Aizman RI. Age Transformations of the Kidneys Structure and Function. Heal Educ Public Heal. 2019;2(3):195–8. \n\n 2. Garza A, Park S, Kocz R. Drug Elimination. In: StatPearls [Internet] Treasure Island (FL) [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; 2022. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547662/ \n\n 3. Nolin TD. Drug Metabolism in Kidney Disease. In: Drug Metabolism in Diseases. 2017. p. 91–113. \n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/a><\/div>- Hermina Sukabumi<\/a><\/li>
- 23 September 2022<\/li><\/ul><\/div>
Stiff Child's Body, Beware of Cerebral Palsy<\/a><\/h3>
Cerebral palsy (CP), or cerebral palsy, is a developmental disorder in childhood. The disorder is indicated by abnormalities in muscle tone, posture or body position, motor coordination, and other accompanying neurological disorders. \n\n Cerebral Palsy is actually not a congenital disease. The process of starting this growth and development disorder begins in the early stages of life or since the baby has just been born. The condition of CP is caused by damage to brain tissue that is still developing. \n\n The main clinical problem faced in patients with cerebral palsy is motor (movement) disorders. This motor disorder involves the muscles and nerves so that patients with CP will have difficulty walking or even not be able to walk at all. \n\n Symptoms or signs of cerebral palsy may appear in infancy or preschool age. Manifestations of motor disturbances in CP patients include excessive reflexes (hyper-reflexia), stiffness in part or all of the limbs, involuntary movements (involuntary), unstable gait, or a combination of these. The muscle stiffness experienced can reduce the range of motion of the joints in various joints of the body. Eye muscle imbalances also make people with cerebral palsy have problems while eating, which is caused by impaired visual focus. \n\n Cerebral palsy conditions will be experienced for life, with conditions that get worse if they do not receive special therapy. Some individuals experience the condition to a mild degree, but some may experience more severe symptoms. One of the neurological manifestations that can accompany cerebral palsy is epilepsy (seizures). \n\n If the part of the body that is affected by cerebral palsy is only partially on one side (left or right), it is called cerebral palsy hemiplegia. However, if based on the involvement of the number of limbs (two arms, two legs), cerebral palsy can be grouped into hemiplegia, diplegia, paraplegia, or quadriplegia. \n\n \n\n Signs and symptoms of cerebral palsy \n\n Based on its degree, cerebral palsy can be classified into mild, moderate, or severe degrees with different signs at each age, namely: \n\n 1. Babies under the age of six months \n\n In general, babies under 6 months of age who experience cerebral palsy will show the following signs: \n\n \n Don't lift your head when your hand is being pulled \n His body drooped limp as if powerless \n The body will move away when being hugged \n When the body is lifted, the legs will be crossed and stiff \n \n\n 2. Baby is older than 6 months \n\n Symptoms of cerebral palsy at this age are as follows: \n\n \n Reaching out with just one hand while clenching \n Food chewing difficulty \n \n\n 3. Baby older than ten months \n\n In infants aged over 10 months, there are more obvious symptoms, namely: \n\n 1. Crawling in an inclined position, picking up objects with one hand while dragging your feet \n\n 2. Sit up without crawling and move the buttocks \n\n \n\n Causes of Cerebral Palsy \n\n Cerebral palsy can be caused by various factors during pregnancy or during delivery, for example, lack of oxygen supply when the baby is born (asphyxia), the condition of the baby being premature (premature), low birth weight (LBW), infection of the central nervous system (CNS) in neonates, or seizures at birth, resulting in permanent brain tissue damage. \n\n Other risk factors include : \n\n 1. Toxoplasmosis, Syphilis, or Rubella infection during pregnancy \n\n 2. Difficulty in giving birth \n\n 3. Disorders of cerebral blood vessels resulting in bleeding in the baby's brain or blood supply to the brain being cut off \n\n 4. The baby's head was injured before birth \n\n 5. Low blood glucose levels \n\n Babies born can have an increased risk of cerebral palsy due to the following factors : \n\n 1. Babies born prematurely (before 37 weeks of gestation) \n\n 2. Infants born with a low birth weight \n\n 3. Babies from multiple births, such as twins or triplets \n\n 4. During pregnancy, if the mother smokes, drinks a lot of alcohol or uses drugs such as cocaine \n\n \n\n How to treat Cerebral Palsy \n\n Cerebral palsy will indeed be experienced for life. Doctors will generally recommend regular checkups and observe the progress of the patient's symptoms. \n\n Early detection and proper diagnosis are very important so that treatment and therapy steps can be carried out as early as possible so that children can avoid complications that can interfere with their quality of life. The treatment is to improve limitations, prevent complications, and improve quality of life, including \n\n 1. Using assistive devices like glasses, hearing aids, walking aids, body supports, and wheelchairs. \n\n 2. Symptoms of muscle spasticity (stiffness) can be treated by using muscle relaxants. This muscle relaxation will help reduce the pain experienced by the sufferer. \n\n 3. Undergo orthopedic surgery in order to improve joint mobility and range of motion. \n\n 4. Perform speech therapy, physical therapy, recreational therapy, counseling, or psychotherapy on a regular basis, as well as social service consultations. \n\n It is difficult to detect when the baby is still in the womb. However, some risk factors can be detected, such as infection, hypertension, and bleeding during pregnancy. The team of doctors can handle this condition if parents immediately consult a doctor at the nearest Hermina Hospital or Sahabat Hermina. They can also consult online with a specialist through the "Halo Hermina" application. \n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>"); $('#div_next_link').html(" <\/span>");
- 23 September 2022<\/li><\/ul><\/div>
- 19 December 2022<\/li><\/ul><\/div>
- 25 January 2023<\/li><\/ul><\/div>