What is Cataract?

A cataract is a condition in which the eye's lens becomes cloudy, leading to blurry vision. A healthy lens is clear and allows light to pass through to the retina. However, in cataract sufferers, the lens accumulates protein that blocks light, making vision seem like looking through a foggy glass.

Causes

Cataracts typically develop with age due to natural changes in the lens. However, several other risk factors can accelerate cataract formation, including:

• Age: Cataracts are more common in people over 60.
• Excessive UV Exposure: Prolonged exposure to sunlight without eye protection.
• Diabetes: Diabetics have a higher risk of developing cataracts.
• Smoking: Smoking can speed up cataract formation.
• Family History: Cataracts can run in families.
• Eye Trauma: Injuries to the eye can contribute to cataract development.

Symptoms

Cataracts develop slowly, so symptoms may not be noticeable at first. Over time, common signs include:

• Blurry or Cloudy Vision
• Sensitivity to Bright Light
• Double Vision in One Eye
• Colors Appear Dull or Less Vivid
• Difficulty Seeing at Night
• Frequent Changes in Glasses or Contact Lenses

Treatment

The only effective treatment for cataracts is surgery. During cataract surgery, the cloudy lens is removed and replaced with a clear artificial lens. Cataract surgery is a common and relatively safe procedure with a high success rate. If the cataract is not significantly affecting vision, doctors may recommend new glasses or better lighting as a preliminary measure before considering surgery.

Prevention

Although cataracts cannot always be prevented, several steps can reduce the risk or slow their progression:

• Wear Sunglasses: Use sunglasses that block UV rays when outdoors.
• Avoid Smoking and Excessive Alcohol Consumption
• Manage Diabetes: Control diabetes or other conditions that may increase cataract risk.
• Healthy Diet: Eat a diet rich in antioxidants such as vitamins C and E to support eye health.
• Regular Eye Exams: Especially for individuals aged 40 and over.

References:

• Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia - Cataract
• World Health Organization (WHO) - Blindness and Vision Impairment
• Health Journal - The Pathophysiology of Cataract Formation (PubMed)