penyakitdalam, diabetes, pencegahan diabetes, resiko dm

The Importance of Knowing Diabetes Risk Factors and How to Prevent It

What is Diabetes Mellitus?
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by high temporary blood sugar levels, namely 200 mg/dL or fasting blood sugar equal to 126 mg/dL.
Clinical Symptoms:
  • Frequent urination
  • Often Thirsty
  • Often Hungry
  • Weight loss without cause
  • Tingling
  • Wounds that are difficult to heal
 
Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus 

There are several risk factors that can cause DM 
1.Risk factors that can be modified 
  • a. Overweight (BMI > 23 kg/m²)
  • b. Lack of physical activity 
  • c. High blood pressure (> 140/90 mmHg)
  • d. High cholesterol 
  • e. Diet high in glucose and low in fiber 
2.Risk factors that cannot be modified 
  • a.Family history with DM 
  • b.Age: the risk of suffering from glucose intolerance increases with age 
  • c. History of giving birth to a large baby with a weight of > 4000 grams or history of DM during pregnancy
  • d. History of birth with a low birth weight, less than 2.5 kg. Babies born with low weight have a higher risk than babies born with normal weight
Prevention that can be done:
  1. Lifestyle changes (an indicator of the success of lifestyle intervention is weight loss of 0.5-1 kg / week or 5-7% weight loss in 6 months by adjusting diet and increasing physical activity), by: 
  2. Dietary regulation. Pay attention to the food menu you consume. This can be done by paying attention to the contents of the plate at one meal, such as:
    1. i. Complex carbohydrates are optional and are given in a divided and balanced manner, so that they do not cause high blood glucose peaks after eating. Examples of types of food that contain complex carbohydrates include; brown rice, potatoes, sweet potatoes, corn and asparagus.
    2. ii. The composition of a healthy diet contains little saturated fat and is high in soluble fiber
    3. iii.Using low-calorie sugar
  3. Increase physical activity/physical exercise by 30 minutes per sport with intensity 3 to 5 times a week 
  4. Stop smoking 
  5. In groups at high risk, intervention is required by administering medication 
Diabetes is a disease that can attack anyone regardless of age. Not only the elderly, but also young people. Therefore, it is important to recognize these risk factors for diabetes in order to prevent diabetes mellitus.
Reference :
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-prevention/art-20047639
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/12363-blood-glucose-test
Perkumpulan endokrin indonesia (2021). Pedoman pengelolaan dan pencegahan diabetes meilitus tipe 2 dewasa Indonesia
 

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