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Allergic Rhinitis: Completely Exploring the Causes of a Stuffy and Itchy Nose

Hermina's friend has a stuffy, runny, and itchy nose that won't go away. It could be that you are experiencing allergic rhinitis. This condition is quite common and can interfere with daily activities. Therefore, let's discuss further allergic rhinitis, starting from the causes, symptoms, and how to deal with it.

What is allergic rhinitis?

Hay fever, or allergic rhinitis, is inflammation of the inner lining of the nose caused by an allergic reaction to certain substances (allergens). This allergic reaction triggers the body to release histamine, causing various disturbing symptoms.

Causes of Allergic Rhinitis

Some common allergens that cause allergic rhinitis include:

  • Pollen: Often the main cause of seasonal allergic rhinitis.

  • House dust: Primarily dust mites that live in mattresses, pillows, and carpets.

  • Animal dander: Cats, dogs, or other pets.

  • Booklice: Often found in old books or damp places.

  • Mold: Found in damp places such as bathrooms or basements.

  • Certain foods: Although rare, some people can be allergic to certain foods such as nuts, eggs, or seafood.

Symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis

Symptoms of allergic rhinitis can vary from mild to severe and usually appear soon after exposure to the allergen. Some common symptoms include :

  • Runny or stuffy nose

  • Continuous sneezing

  • Itchy nose

  • Eyes red and watery

  • Itching in the throat

  • Dry cough

  • Headache

  • Fatigue

Allergic Rhinitis Treatment

The goal of treating allergic rhinitis is to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life. Some common treatment options include:

  • Drugs:

a. Antihistamines: Reduce histamine production.

b. Decongestants: Helps reduce swelling in the nasal passages.

c. Corticosteroids: Reduce inflammation.

  • Immunotherapy: allergen-specific therapy that aims to reduce the body's sensitivity to certain allergens.

  • Environmental management: Avoid exposure to allergens as much as possible.

When is it necessary to consult a doctor?

Hermina's friends need to consult a doctor if they experience conditions such as:

  • Symptoms of allergic rhinitis really interfere with daily activities.

  • Symptoms do not improve with self-treatment.

  • New symptoms appear, such as shortness of breath or fever.

  • Suspect complications such as sinusitis or ear infections.

Complications of Allergic Rhinitis

If not treated properly, allergic rhinitis can cause complications such as:

  • Sinusitis: Inflammation of the sinuses.

  • Middle ear infection

  • Sleep disorders

  • Dental problems

  • Asthma

Tips for Treating Allergic Rhinitis at Home

Hermina's friends can apply several simple tips to reduce the occurrence of allergic rhinitis, including:

  • Clean the house regularly: Use a vacuum cleaner equipped with a HEPA filter to remove dust and mites.

  • Change sheets and pillowcases regularly: Wash in hot water to kill dust mites.

  • Avoid smoking: Cigarette smoke can worsen allergy symptoms.

  • Use a humidifier: To maintain humidity in the room.

By understanding some of the symptoms of allergic rhinitis in more depth, Hermina Friends can manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Don't hesitate to consult a doctor if you experience disturbing symptoms. Hermina friends can consult with an ENT specialist at Hermina Sukabumi Hospital for more detailed information regarding allergic rhinitis.

 

 

Referensi:

  1. Dykewicz, M., et al. (2020). Rhinitis 2020: A Practice Parameter Update. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 146(4), pp. p721–67.

  2. American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (2019). Conditions and Treatments: Rhinitis (Hay Fever).

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