HIV and AIDS are two terms that are often used interchangeably, but they actually have significant differences. HIV is the abbreviation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, while AIDS is the abbreviation of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.
HIV is a virus that attacks the human immune system. This virus can attack and damage CD4 cells, which are responsible for fighting infections in the body. When the number of CD4 cells decreases, the immune system becomes weak and cannot fight infections effectively. HIV can be transmitted through direct contact with infected blood, semen, vaginal fluids, or other body fluids. Transmission of HIV generally occurs through unprotected sexual intercourse, use of contaminated needles, or from an infected mother to her baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
AIDS, on the other hand, is an advanced stage of HIV infection. A person is said to have AIDS when their immune system is very weak and they have a serious infection or rare illness. AIDS can cause symptoms such as fever, significant weight loss, chronic diarrhea, fungal infections, and certain cancers. Without proper treatment, AIDS can be fatal.
It is important to understand the difference between HIV and AIDS because HIV can be treated and controlled with antiretroviral therapy (ARV). This therapy can help keep the immune system stable and prevent the progression of HIV to AIDS. Although there is no cure for HIV, appropriate treatment can allow a person with HIV to live a good quality of life and reduce the risk of transmitting the virus to others.
In dealing with HIV and AIDS, it is important to educate the public about prevention, transmission and appropriate treatment. Using condoms during sexual intercourse, using sterile needles and regular HIV testing are important steps in preventing HIV transmission. Additionally, social support and access to adequate medical care are also critical in helping individuals living with HIV or AIDS.
In conclusion, HIV and AIDS are two different conditions although they are often used interchangeably. HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system, while AIDS is an advanced stage of HIV infection where the immune system is very weak. Correct understanding of these differences is important for prevention, transmission, and appropriate treatment.