Terkena Luka Bakar Saat Bekerja atau Dirumah? Jangan Panik, Ketahui Langkah Pertolongan Pertama Pada Luka Bakar! 112 / 5.000 Burned at Work or at Home? Don't Panic, Learn First Aid Steps for Burns!

Burns are a form of tissue damage or loss that occurs due to excessive heat sources. The causes of burns themselves can vary from exposure to fire, electric shock, sunlight, radiation, chemicals, hot liquids, and so on. Burns can occur suddenly, see the following article to find out what steps can be taken if you get burned.

According to the Australian and New Zealand Burn Association (ANZBA), the depth of burns is divided into;

1. Epidermal Burns, Burns that affect the outermost layer of skin (epidermis) accompanied by symptoms of redness and pain, do not cause blisters and if pressure is applied to the skin it will not tear. Wound healing will occur 3-7 days without leaving scars.

2. Dermal Burns, Burns that affect the dermal layer of skin (epidermis and dermis), are then divided into the following:

a.Superficial Dermal Burns
Burns that affect the skin layer (epidermis and superficial dermis (papillary dermis). In this degree of burns, clinical symptoms are the formation of blisters on the skin filled with fluid accompanied by severe pain, hypersensitivity to touch. Can heal on its own within 10-14 days, and permanent scars rarely occur.
b. Mid-Dermal Burns
Burns that are darker pink, painful and some are still accompanied by blisters filled with fluid. Healing time occurs within 3 weeks.
c. Deep-Dermal Burns
Burns in the deep dermal skin layer destroy all important skin structures needed to heal on their own. There are dark red spots that we often call "blotchy red", and are not painful due to decreased sensory function. Healing of wounds at this degree is not can heal spontaneously and requires burn wound care and often requires burn wound closure with skin grafts.

3. Full Thickness Burns, Damage to all layers of the skin (Epidermis and dermis) due to burning. The skin appears white, hard, waxy, accompanied by blackness/charring in the surrounding area. Loss of sensation. At this level, the entire skin structure is damaged, and even involves fat, tendons, muscles and bones. In this case, wound healing sometimes requires a reconstruction process to replace tissue after the patient is stable after undergoing burn treatment.

 

First Aid for Burns

If Sahabat Hermina or someone around experiences a burn, the first thing that can be done for pre-Hospital treatment is:

• Save yourself by moving away from the source of the burn. Ensure the safety of personnel, the safety of patients and those around you.
• Next, take "first aid" measures; Stop the burning process, namely stopping the fire process, for example, turning off the fire that is on the clothes. Cooling the burn wound by cooling the burn, flowing the burnt body part with clean running water for 20 minutes (this is very effective in the first 3 hours after the incident). Do not soak using ice cubes, ice water, or soapy water.
• Check the consciousness of the victim who has been burned and whether the victim can breathe or not. This is done if it occurs in a fire condition in a closed area or is exposed to electricity accompanied by the trauma of falling from a height.
• If the victim is conscious and can move, immediately remove wet clothes and replace them with dry ones or cover them. If there is jewelry attached and wrapped, remove it immediately before swelling occurs in the fingers, neck and wrist areas. If this happens, let a medical expert handle it.
• Cover the burn area with a clean cloth or gauze if necessary. Avoid using sprays, butter, or toothpaste on the burn, as these can be a source of infection.

Things to do immediately if you get burns on almost the entire body accompanied by decreased consciousness and there are danger signs of burns such as:

1. The burns look deep so that they involve all layers of skin on the limbs, hands, face, genitals, joints, or most of the body.
2. The burns look charred, white, and cannot feel the sensation of touch.
3. Burns are caused by chemicals and/or electric shocks (except very light or small), and burns in closed spaces for a long time.
4. The person has difficulty breathing or is unconscious.
5. There are signs of infection such as discharge, pain, redness, and swelling.
6. Burns take more than two weeks to heal.
7. There is scar tissue.

Quoted from the famous proverb "Trauma patients who are seen, assessed, and treated early by skilled medical personnel can experience a faster healing process compared to late treatment". Proper and fast burn treatment can save the patient's life and restore maximum body function. Immediately contact the SPGDT Team at RSU Hermina Pandanaran 0823-1420-4737 to get immediate medical care.

If you experience minor burns, you can have a self-examination with a Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeon Specialist at RSU Hermina Pandanaran. By conducting an early examination after being burned, Hermina Friends can consult directly with a Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeon Specialist to find out tips for wounds to heal quickly and what can be done to prevent scars from the burns.

In addition to treating burns, plastic surgeons can treat scars that interfere with the appearance or function of the body, congenital abnormalities, such as cleft lip, physical injuries that result in damaged or deformed body parts, repair of damaged body parts due to removal of cancerous tissue.

 

Written by: dr. Lonia Anggraini

Reviewed by: dr. Ciptomurti Janis Lupitasari, Sp.B.P.R.E.M.Ked.Klin

 

Reference

https://www.healthline.com/health/first-aid-with-burns

https://www.verywellhealth.com/first-aid-for-burns-5208710

Australian and New Zealand Burn Association, 2021.