Indonesia
Influenza can trigger pneumonia complications in children
Influenza is often considered a mild illness that can go away on its own. However, in vulnerable groups, such as children, influenza infection can lead to complications and even death, especially for those with certain risk factors.
Influenza, also known as the flu, is a viral infection that affects the respiratory system, including the nose, throat and lungs. It is caused by the influenza virus which can spread through the air, especially when someone coughs or sneezes.
Although often considered a mild illness, in children, influenza can develop into serious conditions such as pneumonia. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that causes inflammation of the air sacs (alveoli). In this condition, the lungs may fill up with fluid or pus, causing breathing difficulties and other dangerous symptoms.
Children, especially those under the age of five, have a higher risk of complications from influenza. This is because their immune systems are not fully developed, making them more susceptible to infection. In addition, children with certain medical conditions, such as asthma, congenital heart disease or immune disorders, are more at risk of serious complications.
How Can Influenza Cause Pneumonia?
Influenza viruses can weaken the immune system and damage the protective lining in the respiratory tract. As a result, it is easier for bacteria or other viruses to enter and cause secondary infections, such as pneumonia.
Pneumonia that develops from influenza can be caused by the virus itself or by secondary bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. In some cases, a combination of viral and bacterial infections can lead to more severe conditions.
Pneumonia caused by influenza can develop quickly and requires immediate medical attention. Therefore, it is important for parents to understand the symptoms of pneumonia and seek immediate medical attention if the child shows signs of worsening.
Signs and Symptoms of Pneumonia in Children
Parents should be aware of the signs of pneumonia in children. Here are some symptoms to look out for:
✅ High fever, usually more than 38.5°C and difficult to go down with fever-reducing drugs
✅ Persistent coughing that gets worse, sometimes with thick yellow or green phlegm
Rapid and shortness of breath (tachypnea) that is clearly visible when the child breathes in
Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, especially when the child is active
Chest pain, especially when breathing or coughing
✅ Lips, nails, or fingertips turn blue (cyanosis), which indicates a lack of oxygen
✅ The child appears weak, cranky, or difficult to wake up
✅ Appetite decreases dramatically or difficulty feeding in infants
✅ Vomiting or diarrhea, which can be a sign of further infection
If your child shows any of the above symptoms, especially rapid breathing, shortness of breath, and blue lips, take them to the doctor immediately. Prompt treatment can prevent further complications and increase the chances of recovery.
Prevention of Influenza and Pneumonia in Children
Prevention is the key to avoiding influenza and pneumonia complications. Here are some steps that can be taken to protect children:
1. Influenza and Pneumonia Vaccination
Influenza vaccine is recommended for children from 6 months of age and above. The vaccine has been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of influenza infection and related complications, including pneumonia.
In addition, the pneumococcal vaccine is also very important to prevent pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Administering the vaccine according to the schedule recommended by the doctor can provide more optimal protection for children.
2. Maintain Hygiene
Influenza viruses spread easily through hand contact and contaminated surfaces. Therefore, it is important to:
✔ Teach children to wash their hands with soap regularly, especially before eating and after playing outside.
✔ Avoid touching the face, especially the eyes, nose and mouth with dirty hands
✔ Keeping the environment clean, including the child's toys and eating utensils
3. Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle
A strong immune system helps fight infection-causing viruses and bacteria. For this reason, make sure your child gets:
✔ Nutritionally balanced meals with enough protein, vitamins and minerals
✔ Get enough sleep for their age
✔ Adequate physical activity to boost immunity
4. Avoid Contact with Sick People
If a family member or friend is sick with the flu, children should not be in close proximity to prevent transmission. Teach your children to keep their distance and not share eating utensils with sick people.
When to See a Doctor?
While the common cold can be cured with rest and home care, there are conditions that require the child to be taken to the doctor immediately. Seek immediate medical attention if your child experiences:
⚠ Rapid breathing or difficulty breathing
⚠ High fever that does not improve after three days
⚠ Blue lips or nails
⚠ Difficulty eating or drinking due to shortness of breath
⚠ The child looks very weak or difficult to wake up
Your doctor may perform a physical examination, chest x-ray, or blood test to confirm the diagnosis of pneumonia. If pneumonia is confirmed, the doctor will provide appropriate treatment, including antibiotics if caused by bacteria, or supportive therapy such as supplemental oxygen if needed.
Conclusion
Influenza is not just a mild illness that can go away on its own, especially for children who still have a weak immune system. Complications such as pneumonia can be very dangerous and even life-threatening if not treated quickly.
Preventive measures such as vaccination, maintaining hygiene, a healthy lifestyle, and avoiding contact with sick people are essential to reduce the risk of infection.
Parents need to understand the symptoms of pneumonia and seek medical help immediately if the child shows signs of worsening. With early detection and prompt treatment, the risk of more serious complications can be minimized.
Let's keep our children healthy by being more aware of influenza and the complications it can cause.
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