Why Do My Gums Bleed When I Brush My Teeth?

Bleeding gums when brushing your teeth is a common dental problem. While it might seem like a minor issue, it could be a sign of a more serious underlying condition called periodontitis. Periodontitis is an inflammation of the gums and the supporting bone around the teeth, caused by a buildup of plaque and bacteria. If left untreated, it can lead to tooth loss.

What Causes Bleeding Gums?

• Plaque and Tartar: Plaque is a sticky film that forms on your teeth. When not removed, it can harden into tartar, which can irritate your gums and cause inflammation.
• Gingivitis: Gingivitis is the early stage of gum disease. It causes the gums to become red, swollen, and tender.
• Aggressive Brushing: Brushing your teeth too hard or using a hard-bristled toothbrush can damage your gums.
• Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, such as those experienced during pregnancy or menstruation, can make your gums more sensitive and prone to bleeding.
• Medications: Certain medications, like blood thinners and chemotherapy drugs, can increase the risk of bleeding gums.
• Medical Conditions: Conditions like diabetes and HIV can weaken your immune system and make you more susceptible to gum disease.
• Poor Nutrition: Deficiencies in vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin C, can affect gum health.

The Dangers of Ignoring Bleeding Gums

If left untreated, bleeding gums can lead to serious health problems, including:

• Tooth Loss: As the disease progresses, the bone supporting your teeth can be destroyed, leading to loose teeth and eventual tooth loss.
• Infection: Bacteria from gum disease can enter your bloodstream and increase your risk of infections in other parts of your body.
• Heart Disease: There is a strong link between gum disease and heart disease. Bacteria from the mouth can travel to the heart and contribute to the development of plaque in the arteries.
• Stroke: Gum disease has also been linked to an increased risk of stroke.
• Diabetes: People with diabetes are more likely to develop gum disease, and gum disease can make it harder to control blood sugar levels.  
• Premature Birth: Gum disease has been associated with an increased risk of premature birth and low birth weight babies in pregnant women.

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How to Prevent and Treat Bleeding Gums

• Maintain Good Oral Hygiene: Brush your teeth at least twice a day with a soft-bristled toothbrush and floss daily.
• Regular Dental Checkups: Visit your dentist for regular cleanings and examinations.
• Eat a Healthy Diet: Consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• Quit Smoking: Smoking weakens your immune system and makes it harder to fight gum disease.
• Manage Medical Conditions: If you have a medical condition that can affect your gum health, work with your doctor to manage it.

When should you see a dentist?

You should consult a dentist immediately if you experience persistent bleeding gums, even after home care. A dentist will conduct an examination and provide appropriate treatment based on your condition. Want to consult with a periodontist? Visit Hermina Podomoro Hospital. We have a team of experienced dentists and comprehensive equipment to handle various periodontal problems. Schedule your consultation now here:

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Reference:

• Carranza, F. A., Newman, M. G., Takei, H., Clochetti, B., & Armitage, G. C. (2016). Carranza’s clinical periodontology. Elsevier Health Sciences.
• Lindhe, J., & Lang, N. P. (2019). Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry. Wiley-Blackwell.